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2016-01-02
In recent years, laboratory safety accidents have occurred frequently, and major media outlets have continuously exposed laboratory safety accidents. In the laboratory, various reagents or dangerous goods are stored and placed, and various experiments are being carried out. During the experiment, it is necessary to come into contact with some flammable, explosive, toxic, harmful, and corrosive substances, and often use water, gas, fire, electricity, etc. There are hidden dangerous accidents such as explosions, fires, poisoning, burns, cuts, and electric shocks. These accidents often cause serious personal injury and property damage to us. If we master relevant laboratory safety knowledge and emergency response knowledge in the event of accidents, we can use corresponding reagents and experimental equipment correctly and safely, thereby minimizing and avoiding safety accidents in the laboratory as much as possible. Even in the event of an emergency, we can remain calm and minimize injuries and losses.
Some biological and chemical experiments often come with dangers, and no matter how simple the experiment is, it should not be careless. When conducting experiments, if one can maintain a correct attitude and conscientiously and meticulously perform every necessary task, many accidents will be avoided.
Summary of laboratory safety protection knowledge:
1. During the experiment, necessary protective measures should be taken based on the situation and nature of the experiment.
Wear necessary protective tools according to the possible dangerous accidents during the test, such as wearing test clothes, rubber gloves, protective masks, Gas mask, etc. Before the experiment, it is necessary to pay attention to cleaning up safety hazards around the test site. Check whether the test equipment, drugs, and related items do not meet the requirements.
2. Follow the properties of chemical drugs and the laws of chemical reactions, and do not blindly and subjectively speculate on the process of chemical reactions.
Matching reaction devices should be selected based on the properties and processes of chemical reactions, and necessary safety measures cannot be avoided.
3. Regularly estimate the danger of experiments.
Although experimental accidents are unpredictable, the magnitude of their danger can be estimated. Even for experiments that are not well understood, it is necessary to speculate on their level of danger and develop corresponding preventive measures. Experiments like the one below must be very careful to ensure that they are foolproof.
① Unknown reactions and operations;
② Experiments with multiple hazards (such as fires, toxic gases, etc.);
③ Experiments conducted under harsh reaction conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, etc.
4. Take sufficient preventive measures in case of accidents and conduct inspections.
Pay attention to familiarizing yourself with the main faucets, electrical switches that need to be turned off, the location and operation methods of fire extinguishers, and avoid searching for emergency supplies when accidents occur.
5. Post processing of the experiment. The post-processing work of the experiment is also an integral part of the experimental process.
The treatment of recycled solvents, waste liquids, waste materials, etc. cannot be ignored.
Use, treatment and precautions of Dangerous goods
Dangerous goods refer to substances with fire, explosion or poisoning risks. When using such substances, special attention should be paid to the following:
1. Before using Dangerous goods, fully understand the properties of the substances used, especially the risks of fire, explosion and poisoning.
2. Storage. Generally, Dangerous goods should be kept away from sunlight and stored in a cool place. Be careful not to mix foreign objects. And it must be isolated from fire or heat sources. Precautions for using laboratory refrigerators and ultra-low temperature refrigerators: regularly defrost and clean, and disinfect the internal surface after cleaning; All containers stored should indicate the name of the item, storage date, and the name of the person storing it; Unless explosion-proof measures are taken, flammable and explosive chemical solutions cannot be placed in the refrigerator, and this should be noted on the refrigerator door.
3. Before using Dangerous goods, the protection measures in case of disasters and accidents must be considered in advance, and careful preparations must be made. When using substances with fire or explosion hazards, it is necessary to prepare protective masks, heat-resistant protective clothing, and fire extinguishing equipment; For toxic substances, rubber gloves, Gas mask and gas suits should be prepared.
4. If circumstances permit, Dangerous goods shall be used as little or as little as possible. Moreover, for substances that do not understand their performance, preliminary tests are required.
5. For toxic drugs and waste containing toxins, appropriate treatment should be carried out after use to avoid polluting water quality and atmosphere.
The following are the three major classifications of accident prone substances in laboratories (Editor's reminder: Improper use can be the three major public enemies of laboratories)
1. Flammable substances
There are many substances with fire hazards. There are usually substances that catch fire due to heating or impact, as well as substances that catch fire due to mutual contact or mixing. For example, strong oxidizing substances, strong acidic substances, low-temperature ignitable substances, natural substances, water resistant substances, etc
2. Flammable substances
The danger of combustible materials can be roughly determined based on their ignition point. The lower the ignition point, the greater the danger. However, even substances with higher ignition points are dangerous when heated to temperatures above their ignition points. According to reports, there have been particularly many accidents in this situation. Therefore, attention must be paid.
3. Explosive substances
There are two types of explosions: one is when combustible gas mixes with air and reaches its explosion limit concentration, it catches fire and undergoes combustion and explosion; One is a substance that is prone to decomposition, which decomposes due to heating or impact, resulting in a sudden gasification and decomposition explosion.
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